土遗址加固中GFRP锚杆锚固性能现场试验研究     

张景科  谌文武  和法国  李最雄  孙满利 《工程地质学报》2014,22(5):804-810

为揭示GFRP锚杆在土遗址加固中的性能,进而克服现有竹、木、复合锚杆锚固的局限性,拓展该新型材料在古遗址加固中的应用,选择直径22mm和25mm的GFRP锚杆开展了现场锚固测试试验。通过单级和循环两种加载模式,获取了两种杆体的破坏模式与极限锚固力; 在杆体砂浆界面布设应变片,获取了受荷过程中界面监测点剪应变的变化特征与分布规律。结果表明:两种锚固系统均失效于砂浆土体界面,22mm GFRP杆体极限锚固力50kN,而25mm GFRP杆体超过120kN; 从加载端到末端监测界面剪应变呈衰减分布,在较大荷载下由于加载方向与杆体轴向微弱偏离导致局部出现受压现象,试验过程中监测界面未出现脱黏现象。研究表明GFRP锚杆可以部分替代复合锚杆,在土遗址载体加固中具有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

地气测量技术及在隐伏矿找矿中的应用研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周四春  刘晓辉  童纯菡  胡波 《地质学报》2014,88(4):736-754

通过铅锌矿地气模型模拟研究了地气流作用下,成矿元素及围岩中多种元素的迁移现象及规律。实验结果表明:铅锌矿的成矿元素Pb、Zn因迁出率大,伴生元素Cu、Mo、Au因迁出比大,可以在矿体上方形成易识别的地气异常,适合作为指矿元素。围岩对矿体中元素迁移存在复杂影响,但不会掩盖指矿元素形成的地气异常。在粤北隐伏花岗岩铀矿、桂北隐伏锌铜矿、湘南坪宝地区先后开展了地气测量探测隐伏金属矿研究及应用。根据室内实验及多个矿区、不同矿种上开展地气探测工作的成果,对地气法探测隐伏金属矿的有效性、地气场所包含的找矿与地质信息、地气测量的有效探测深度及地气异常与矿体的空间关联性、地表影响等问题进行了分析讨论。获取的资料表明:隐伏金属矿正上方均有成矿主元素及一批共(伴)生元素形成的地气异常;这种异常随矿体埋深增大,其幅度不是降低而是增大;地气法探测隐伏金属矿的有效深度可以达到千米尺度;地表污染不会对地气测量产生影响。  相似文献   

邹家山铀矿床中伴生稀土元素的地球化学特征及酸浸实验研究     

王莉  ;胡宝群  ;张卫民  ;孙占学  ;王运  ;高海东  ;王志华 《铀矿地质》2014,(5):312-320

研究了邹家山铀矿床原始矿石中的稀土元素含量特征及其在酸浸过程中的行为。结果表明:(1)该矿床矿石中伴生的稀土元素总含量很高,∑REE平均含量达3231.55×10-6,其中HREE达2933.39×10-6,属珍贵的重稀土元素富集型,具有负Eu异常、Ce无异常的特征。(2)在强酸及氧化剂浸泡条件下,轻、重稀土元素的浸出行为明显不同。重稀土元素更易被浸出,其浸出率是轻稀土元素的2倍左右。在强酸或强酸加氧化剂浸泡下,随原子序数的增加,轻稀土元素(La~Eu)的浸出率较明显增加,而重稀土元素(Gd~Lu-Y)的浸出率则小幅度递减;15种稀土元素中Gd的浸出率最高,La的浸出率最低。(3)初步获得邹家山铀矿床伴生稀土元素酸法浸出的最佳硫酸浓度和氧化剂用量,即在硫酸浓度为30g/L的条件下,100mL的浸泡液中含有2mL30%的过氧化氢时,稀土元素浸出率可达到最高值。  相似文献   

面向测绘新工科人才培养的体验式教学模式设计与实践     

李军  张成业  戴华阳  陈伟  阎跃观  杜守航  赵恒谦 《测绘通报》2022,(1):168-172,176

测绘学从早期专注于测量和制图,到当前已发展为广泛服务于国民经济各行各业。在我国工程教育转向新工科建设阶段,传统教学模式已无法满足测绘新工科人才的培养要求。本文设计了面向测绘新工科人才培养,以传授客观知识为核心,重塑教师、学生、知识的活动内容和形式,形成贯穿教师设计、学生体验、师生互动的5阶段体验式教学模式。将该教学模式应用于笔者所在院校测绘工程专业课程教学中,并以概念型、规律型、关系型、综合应用型4类知识点开展教学实践。实践表明,该教学模式有助于学生深刻理解知识与提升能力,是一种具有推广价值的教学模式。  相似文献   

测绘工程专业GIS实验混合式教学方法探讨     

张龙其  郭云开  张云菲 《测绘通报》2022,(2):164-167+173

本文首先在当前GIS实验教学模式的基础上,结合笔者学校毕业生主要的就业方向、市场需求、工程教育专业认证的相关要求等,重组了测绘工程专业的“GIS原理与应用实验”课程的教学内容。然后结合当前疫情防控需要和网络教学的特点,应用“学习通”线上教学平台,开展了线上线下混合式实验教学方法的改革与探索,发展形成了新的教学方案,可以满足不同行业GIS人才培养的需要。教学实验表明,该方案具有理论基础与实践技能并重、课内与课外相结合、组合方式多等优点,不仅能提高学生实践操作能力,而且在巩固理论教学方面有显著优势,有利于发挥学生的主观能动性,可为相关专业的GIS实验教学提供借鉴与参考。  相似文献   

数字环境下面状要素分级设色的适宜方案分析     

姚翔宇  黄丽娜  于洋 《测绘学报》2022,51(2):290-300

为探究明度与色相同步变化时不同分级设色方案在数字环境下的适宜性,基于Munsell色彩调和秩序与CIEDE2000色差公式设计了7种分级设色方案,并开展了视觉认知试验。试验结果表明：①增加各级间色差会导致颜色辨识的准确性增强;②与各级间色差相等的色阶相比,色差先增大后减小的色阶有利于读图判别;③图斑面积分布均匀程度对颜色辨识的影响并不显著;④色阶的总色差增大,会导致颜色过渡的协调性降低。色差先增大后减小的色阶能产生较好的辨识效果,同时保持较好的色彩协调性,且相关规律可以推广到图斑面积分布均匀程度不同的地图中,在分级设色中运用具有优势。  相似文献   

On the variability of vertical eddy heat flux in the upper ocean     

Tianshi Du  Peiran Yang  Zhao Jing 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(10):94-99

Ocean eddies produce strong vertical heat flux (VHF) in the upper ocean, exerting profound influences on the climate and ecosystem. Currently, mooring array provides a standard way to estimate the eddy-induced VHF (EVHF) based on the adiabatic potential density equation. Apart from the validity of adiabatic assumption, it remains unclear to what extent the estimated EVHF at a single location within a limited time period is representative of its climatological mean value. In this study, we analyzed the above issue by systematically evaluating the variability of EVHF simulated by a 1-km ocean model configured over the Kuroshio Extension. It is found that the EVHF at a single location exhibits pronounced variability. Even averaged over one year that is comparable to the current maintenance capacity of mooring array, the EVHF still deviates significantly from its climatological mean value. For more than 49% of locations in our computational domain (31°–40°N, 149°–166°E), the discrepancy between the one-year mean EVHF and its climatological mean value at the peaking depth is larger than the climatological mean itself. The mesoscale eddies play a dominant role in the variability of EVHF but contribute little to the climatological mean EVHF; the opposite is true for submesoscale eddies. Our findings indicate that nested mooring array allowing for isolating the effects of submesoscale eddies will be useful to obtain climatological mean EVHF.  相似文献   

To tax,or not to tax: preferences for climate policy attributes     

Runar Brannlund  Lars Persson 《Climate Policy》2013,13(6):704-721

Many countries around the world respond to global warming and its consequences with various policy instruments. In the economic literature, policy instruments have typically been analysed with respect to efficiency, but little effort has been expended to understand public preferences for these instruments. In an internet-based choice experiment to address this shortcoming, Swedes were asked to choose between two alternative hypothetical policy instruments, each of which reduces CO₂ emissions by the same amount. The hypothetical policy instruments were characterized by a number of specific attributes. By varying the levels of each of the attributes, respondents indirectly reveal their preferences for these attributes. Half of the respondents are faced with choices labelled ‘tax’ and ‘other’, and the other half are faced with unlabelled choices (hypothetical instruments). The results show that Swedes tend to dislike the term ‘tax’ and show a preference for instruments with a positive effect on environment-friendly technology and climate awareness. A progressive-like cost distribution is preferred to a regressive cost distribution, and the private cost is negatively related to the choice of policy.  相似文献   

一种浸润冻结机制冰核测量装置（FINDA）的搭建与应用     

毕凯  丁德平  杨帅  陈景川  黄梦宇 《气象学报》2021,79(5):864-877

为了定量评估降水（雨、雪、雹等）和大气中冰核浓度,搭建了一种新型的离线式冰核测量装置（FINDA）用于检测浸润冻结机制的冰核。对多通道测温元件进行了改装和校准,并利用红外热成像仪动态校准了冷台水平温差,开发了自动化软件实现对测量过程的控制和数据分析。通过超纯水冻结实验、雪水及大气样品中冰核检验评估了FINDA的测量性能。结果表明,FINDA温度测量偏差随温度降低而线性增大,?25℃时误差为±0.75℃;超纯水初始冻结温度平均为?21.27±1.45℃,中值冻结温度（T₅₀）平均为?25.65±0.64℃;对同一降雪融水样品中冰核浓度温度谱检测,FINDA与其他冻滴设备测量结果基本一致,同冰核浓度下温度偏差小于3℃;大气样品中冰核?20℃时比在线连续流量扩散云室测量值略高,与国际上其他学者的结论一致。FINDA能够有效获得0—?25℃每隔0.25℃的冰核浓度谱,超纯水和试验操作引入的冰核对测量结果影响很小。设备的广泛应用可帮助深入了解大气冰核在混合云降水中的作用,为预报和云模式的本地化改进及对云降水理论研究提供重要的实验数据和理论基础。   相似文献   

The role and limits of strategic framing for promoting sustainable consumption and policy     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

Strategic issue framing is widely regarded as an effective communication strategy to alter public opinion and citizens’ policy support. However, it is unclear to what extent strategic framing can increase support for ambitious demand-side actions and policies that make the cost of mitigation perceptible in citizens’ everyday lives. Taking an exploratory approach, we conducted qualitative interviews and a comparative framing experiment with 9,750 survey respondents from China, Germany, and the United States. We analyzed strategic issue framing effects in two areas known to be key for increasing the sustainability of consumption: meat/fish consumption, and fossil-fuel car usage. Employing both classical linear regressions and advanced Bayesian sparse estimations, we show that in all three countries widespread arguments in favor of reduced meat/fish consumption and car use are unlikely to substantially alter citizens’ concern, willingness to pay, behavioral intentions and policy support for demand-side action. Our findings suggest that in the absence of a broader behavioral change campaign, strategic issue framing alone is unlikely to be effective in changing entrenched attitudes and behaviors. On its own, it is also unlikely to substantially increase public support for demand-side policies to reduce consumption. More careful research is needed to help policymakers understand the role and limits of different strategic framing techniques.  相似文献